Date of Completion

2025

Document Type

Research Project

Degree Name

Grade 12

Keywords

silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), Durio sp. rind, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis

Abstract

The rise of antibiotic resistance poses a serious threat, as many pathogenic bacteria have developed a resistance to antibiotics. Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known for their method as they use plant extract and have shown promising results from previous studies. However, studies about testing durian rind extracts incorporated with AgNPs and the potential use of durian rind extract as an antibacterial agent against gram-positive bacteria remains limited. This study addresses the gap by aiming to identify the size and shape of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and to determine whether varying concentrations exhibit significant inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Enterococcus faecalis. The plant samples were air-dried, cut into small pieces, grinded until powdered, filtrated, and then mixed with silver nitrate. The extracts were tested against the three bacteria on four different concentrations (100%, 75%, 50% and 25%). The zone of inhibition was then measured after inhibiting it for 24 hours at 37°C. The results were analyzed using ANOVA and independent t-test at 0.05 significance level. The results showed that the tested three bacterial cultures developed susceptibility upon exposure to four AgNPs concentrations (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% respectively) and positive control antibiotics, with an increased in inhibitory activity per concentration. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in antibacterial activity among the concentrations at (p< 0.01). These findings can lead to further development of durian-based nano materials application in the field of medicine. More studies focusing on evaluating the effectiveness of AgNPs and antibiotic concentrations on different bacteria are needed.

First Advisor

Ramgie M. Bartolata, LPT

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