Date of Completion

2025

Document Type

Research Project

Degree Name

Grade 12

Keywords

Sikap, cultural values, motivation, perseverance, resilience, self-congruence

Abstract

This study developed and validated the Sikap Scale, a culturally grounded instrument designed to measure Sikap, a Filipino construct encompassing motivation, perseverance, resilience, and value alignment. Recognizing the absence of culturally relevant tools that reflect Filipino drivers such as kapwa (shared identity) and utang na loob (debt of gratitude), the study utilized a quantitative, cross-sectional design. The initial 67-item pool was developed using established constructs of motivation, grit, self-determination, and resilience as foundations. Data were collected from 267 health-allied Senior High School and college students with diversity in age, sex, gender identity, religious affiliation, and socioeconomic background. These data were examined using descriptive statistics, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), with expert validation and item-total correlation testing guiding the removal of low-performing, redundant, and cross-loading items before arriving at a refined 16-item scale. The final instrument revealed four validated factors—resilience, motivation, perseverance, and self-congruence—with strong factor loadings (≥ 0.70), adequate sampling adequacy (KMO = 0.764, p < .001), and high reliability. Taken together, these results affirm that Sikap is a multidimensional construct grounded in determination and culturally rooted values that shape Filipino students’ drive to succeed, and the Sikap Scale provides a valid and reliable foundation for understanding and enhancing academic engagement among Filipino learners.

First Advisor

Mr. Lord Joseas C. Conwi, LPT, RPm, RGC, MAEd, CMHA, CLSSDC

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