Date of Completion

2025

Document Type

Research Project

Degree Name

Grade 12

Keywords

Lactuca sativa (Lettuce), Bacterial Load, Colony Morphology, Antibiotic Resistance, Parasitic Ova

Abstract

Fresh produce such as Lactuca sativa can carry biological hazards that cause foodborne illnesses, especially when consumed raw or undercooked. However, research on the bacterial load, antibiotic resistance, and presence of parasitic ova in Lactuca sativa from markets in Imus City remains scarce, creating a gap in assessing potential public health risks. This study aimed to identify the bacterial load, antibiotic resistance, and parasitic ova and the frequency of parasitic ova present in Lactuca sativa from markets in Imus, Cavite. Lettuce samples were collected and subjected to colony-forming unit (CFU) analysis for bacterial quantification, colony morphology, and VITEK analysis for bacterial identification, and disk diffusion assay to determine antibiotic resistance. Parasitic ova were identified via microscopic evaluation. Average bacterial loads recorded were 1 × 10⁷ CFU/mL in Buhay na Tubig Mini market, 4.97 × 10⁷ CFU/mL in Golden City Public Market, and 2.33 × 10⁷ CFU/mL in Imus Public Market. Leclercia adecarboxylata and Staphylococcus hominis were detected. Leclercia adecarboxylata exhibited intermediate resistance to cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, and meropenem, while Staphylococcus hominis was resistant to cefoxitin. A hookworm egg was detected in one sample from Golden City Public Market. These findings highlight the need for stricter food safety protocols as well as greater consumer awareness of proper washing methods and the risks associated with raw or contaminated food.

First Advisor

Ramgie M. Bartolata, LPT

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