Date of Completion

2025

Document Type

Research Project

Degree Name

Grade 12

Keywords

Sinandomeng, Balatinaw, Pinawa, phenolic content, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP)

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa), a staple crop in the Philippines, holds significant cultural and economic value. One of its by-products, rice water, is often discarded despite reports of its bioactive properties. When fermented, rice water develops enhanced antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, including increased phenolic content and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP). However, little is known about the potential of fermented rice water (FRW) from local rice varieties such as Sinandomeng, Balatinaw, and Pinawa against clinically relevant Gram- positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus epidermidis, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Enterococcus faecalis. To address this gap, this study evaluated the antibacterial activity of FRW from these rice varieties using the disk diffusion assay. The antioxidant activity of each FRW was assessed through Folin–Ciocalteu Method and FRAP assay. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA with a 0.05 level of significance and a Tukey’s HSD post hoc test to analyze pairwise comparisons. Results revealed that BalatinawFRW has the strongest antibacterial effects, particularly against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecalis. Meanwhile, PinawaFRW exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. Although conventional antibiotics demonstrated greater inhibition, FRW samples displayed notable antimicrobial potential. FRW from local rice varieties possesses significant antibacterial and antioxidant properties; these findings support its potential. The FRW’s ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria and antioxidant activities could be a viable alternative to conventional synthetic compounds. This study recommends investigating other local rice varieties, optimizing fermentation conditions, and examining microbial composition to explore the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of FRW from local rice varieties.

First Advisor

Ramgie M. Bartolata, LPT

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