Date of Completion

2025

Document Type

Research Project

Degree Name

Grade 12

Keywords

fire, fire retardant, chicken eggshells, water-based enamel paint

Abstract

Fire cases in the Philippines have continued to rise in the recent years, posing serious risks to life, property, and the environment. This has led to a growing trend toward the development of fire-resistant materials, primarily utilizing chemical fire retardants. However, there seems to be a deficiency in natural alternatives; therefore, this research aims to provide a nature-friendly substitute in enhancing the fire retardancy of water-based enamel paints using chicken eggshells. For each CES concentration (10%, 20%, and 30%), three samples along with a control sample with 0% CES concentration, were subjected to a direct fire using a fire test apparatus. Variables such as time to onset of ignition, time to onset of glowing combustion, and burnt surface area were measured to examine fire retardancy. The results were then subjected to statistical analysis to identify significant differences. Results reveal that although there were no statistically significant differences, there was a descriptive potential for improving fire-retardant qualities of the paint, specifically in the 30% concentration, concluding that higher concentrations of chicken eggshells are more effective. The absence of statistical differences was attributed to a small sample size and inconsistencies of the flame source. Nevertheless, the results demonstrate promise in utilizing natural wastes, supporting the need for further research and refinement.

First Advisor

Shaiyne Deque

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