Date of Completion

2024

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Bachelor of Science in Biochemistry

Keywords

Alpinia galanga, Breast Cancer, Aggregation Induced Emission (AIE)

Abstract

Breast cancer, characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in breast tissue, poses significant risks due to rapid proliferation, tissue infiltration, and potential metastasis. This study investigates the use of tropical rhizomes, specifically Alpinia galanga, as a potential diagnostic tools for breast cancer detection through aggregation-induced emission fluorogen (AIEgen) as it shows emission in its concentrated and aggregated state. The AIEgen was isolated by extraction using ethanol and column chromatography using 62 x 5 cm glass column with a stopcock using a 31:14 hexane:ethyl acetate solvent system and shows total of 9 spots which was irradiated with 366 nm UV light. For the column chromatography, fractions 2-5 showed a blue color and has an Rf value of 0.9. Fractions 89-122 with yellow emission and has an Rf value of 0.2 were combined and was subjected to Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and microplate reader analysis. The FTIR spectrum showed the -OH group stretching at 3404 cm⁻¹, C=O stretching at 1612 cm⁻¹, CH stretching at 1246 cm⁻¹, and C-O-C stretching at 1167 cm⁻¹. According to microplate reader analysis, results showed that as the amount of hexane is increased, the intensity of emission also increased. Docking using AutoDock Vina showed that the standard inhibitor for HER2 breast cancer, Lapatinib, had higher binding energy resulting to -10.7 kcal/mol compared to the inconclusive characterized quercetin compound in Alpinia galanga having –8.2 kcal/mol. This indicates that quercetin has less potency in binding to the HER2 active site and can be used for detection purposes only and not for inhibiting HER2 as a prevention for breast cancer. For the SwissADME, it shows that molecule 1 (quercetin) lies in the HIA region which indicates absorption through the gastrointestinal tract while molecule 2 (lapatinib) neither lies on the HIA nor BBB region in which it indicates that it may require alternative route.

First Advisor

Margel C. Bonifacio

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