Date of Completion

2025

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy

Keywords

medication labels, pictorial-labeling system (PLS), visual impairment, pharmacy practice, low vision, medication adherence

Abstract

Medication labeling remains a challenge for individuals with visual impairment, as traditional labels are often difficult to read, thereby increasing the risk of medication errors. In many community settings, including Dasmariñas, Cavite, assistive tools and alternatives such as braille remain limited or unavailable. This underscores the need for a more practical and inclusive labeling approach. A cross-sectional research design was utilized to evaluate a self- developed PLS designed to enhance the understanding of medication instructions among visually impaired individuals. The system incorporated features such as the application of vivid colors for visibility and enlarged format sizes compared to traditional medication labels. Following a single, brief exposure to the PLS, participants’ self-reported perceptions of comprehension were assessed across four domains: administration time, administration instructions, warning information, and dietary information. Participants reported favorable perceptions after exposure to the PLS, indicating a strong sense of understanding of medication instructions across all assessed domains. Additionally, participants expressed increased confidence and satisfaction in managing their medications when using the PLS compared to traditional text-based labels. These findings draw attention to the potential value of incorporating visually optimized labeling into pharmacy practice, as it may enhance medication safety, promote independent medication management, and support more accessible healthcare for individuals with visual impairment. Longitudinal and objective-measure studies are warranted to confirm these preliminary findings.

First Advisor

Maria Teresa T. Basilides, RPh, MS

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