Date of Completion

2025

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy

Keywords

Smilax bracteata, banag, analgesic, column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), Acetic Acid-induced Writhing Method, Mouse Grimace Scale (MGS)

Abstract

Smilax bracteata, locally known as Banag, is a native Philippine plant traditionally used for pain relief in several provinces. While other Smilax species have demonstrated analgesic properties, S. bracteata remains pharmacologically underexplored. This study evaluated its analgesic potential using an acetic acid-induced writhing model in Swiss Albino mice, compared against diclofenac sodium. Rhizomes were subjected to reflux extraction with ethanol. The crude extract underwent preliminary phytochemical screening and was semi-purified by column chromatography using ethyl acetate with an isocratic method. Phytochemical screening of the semi-purified extract showed stronger reactions for carbohydrates, saponins, tannins, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids, indicating successful semi-purification and concentration. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) confirmed effective separation, with greater compound mobility in ethyl acetate and mixed solvent systems. The mice were grouped into four treatment groups: negative control, positive control, and two semi-purified extract groups, which exhibited significant analgesic effects. Treatment Group 2 (100 mg/kg) showed results comparable to diclofenac sodium, while Treatment Group 1 (48 mg/kg) showed moderate analgesic activity. The Mouse Grimace Scale supported these findings, with Treatment Group 2 recording the lowest pain indicators. In conclusion, Smilax bracteata possesses notable analgesic properties, validating its traditional use and highlighting its potential as a native, plant-based alternative for pain relief.

First Advisor

Alicia Catabay, RPh, MSc., PhD

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