Date of Completion

2025

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy

Keywords

Medicine Management Cycle, Pharmacist Integration, Rural Health Units

Abstract

Effective medicines management is fundamental to quality primary healthcare, particularly in Rural Health Units (RHUs) serving resource-limited communities. In the Philippines, pharmacist deployment in RHUs remains inconsistent, resulting in variability in the implementation of the medicines management cycle. While pharmacists are recognized for ensuring regulatory compliance, and rational medicine use, limited evidence exists on how their presence structurally influences operational processes within local health facilities. This study compared medicines management practices in two selected RHUs in Cavite, one with a licensed pharmacist and one without, and to examine how pharmacists’ presence affects the operational structure of the medicines management cycle, specifically selection, procurement, storage, and distribution. A qualitative comparative case study design was employed, guided by the Donabedian Structure–Process–Outcome framework. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with eight qualified RHU personnel (four per site), supplemented by document validation and on-site review of medicines records. Interview transcripts were thematically analyzed using a hybrid deductive–inductive approach, followed by cross-case comparison to identify structural and procedural differences. The RHU with a licensed pharmacist demonstrated superior operational coherence, characterized by clearer role delineation, standardized workflows, and strict adherence to storage and documentation protocols. Systematic inventory monitoring and structured procurement planning contributed to higher accountability and fewer reported stockouts. Conversely, the RHU without a pharmacist faced critical challenges, including role overlap among non-specialized staff, procurement gaps, and inconsistent record-keeping. While electronic systems (eLMIS) supported reporting in both settings, their effectiveness was constrained by the absence of specialized oversight and trained personnel. These findings suggest that pharmacist integration transforms pharmaceutical governance from reactive task-sharing to a regulated, systems-oriented practice. The study establishes that pharmacist integration transforms pharmaceutical governance from reactive task-sharing to a regulated, systems-oriented practice. Institutionalizing pharmacist deployment and reinforcing local government support are essential to achieving resilient healthcare supply systems.

First Advisor

Louie Fernand D. Legaspi, RPh, MHSS

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