Date of Completion

2025

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Bachelor of Science in Nursing

Keywords

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Low and Middle Income Countries, Medication Compliance, Older Adults

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by elevated blood glucose levels. Older adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face challenges from comorbidities, polypharmacy, cognitive decline, and economic constraints. The study aimed to determine patterns of medication compliance, identify factors influencing it, and provide a basis for targeted interventions to improve compliance for older adults in LMICs. This systematic review, guided by PRISMA 2020, analyzed three studies published between 2023 and 2024 retrieved from PubMed, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, ProQuest, and EBSCO. 1,694 studies were initially identified and 63 were full-text reviews, three studies met the criteria: Studies that include older adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus living in LMICs, year of publication from 2014-2024, and English language only. Titles include Diabetes knowledge, health literacy and diabetes self-care among older adults living with diabetes in Alexandria, Egypt, Medication Adherence in Elderly Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study From Dakshina Kannada, India, and Perspectives of older people with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus towards medication adherence: A qualitative study. Two studies used cross-sectional designs, and one employed a qualitative approach. Quality and bias were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools. Medication compliance was influenced by structural determinants and management strategies shaped by health literacy, beliefs and attitudes, medication-related challenges, age-related barriers, daily routines, and support systems. Major barriers include polypharmacy, low health literacy, negative beliefs, and insufficient support.

First Advisor

Ma Chelsea P. Ambray, RN, MAN

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