Date of Completion

2021

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Bachelor of Science in Nursing

Keywords

COVID-19, Infection Prevention

Abstract

Objectives of the Study A. General Objective The study was conducted to determine the perceptions on and compliance with COVID-19 infection prevention and control protocols among residents in Quezon City. B. Specific Objectives 1. Determine the profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex, civil status, highest educational attainment, and source of information. 2. Determine the perception of the respondents on the COVID-19 infection prevention and control protocols. 3. Determine the compliance of the respondents with the COVID-19 infection prevention and control protocols. 4. Determine any significant differences in the perception on the COVID-19 infection prevention and control protocols when the respondents were grouped into age, sex, civil status, highest educational attainment, and source of information. 5. Determine any significant differences in the compliance with the COVID-19 infection prevention and control protocols when the respondents were grouped into age, sex, civil status, highest educational attainment, and source of information. 6. Determine any significant relationship in the perceptions on and compliance with the COVID-19 infection prevention and control protocols.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study The study focused on determining the perception on and compliance with the COVID-19 infection prevention and control protocols of the respondents from Quezon City. The respondents of the study were residents from Quezon City during the COVID-19 pandemic only. The age groups included in the study range from below 20 (18 to 19), 20 to 39 years old, and 40 to 65 years old. No minors or below 17 years old participated in the study. The protocols discussed in the research were the nationwide protocols implemented through BIDA Solusyon by the Department of Health (DOH), and the Inter-Agency Task Force for Emerging Infectious Disease (IATF-EID): (1) wear a face mask and a face shield, (2) proper hand hygiene, (3) physical distancing, and (4) proper knowledge on credible and accurate information on COVID-19. The study was conducted from September 2020 to March 2021.

Methodology The study utilized a Descriptive Correlational Research Design. To gather the data needed from 450 respondents in Quezon City, a self-made tool was utilized based on the basic health protocols campaigned as BIDA Solusyon by the Department of Health (DOH), and by the Inter-Agency Task Force for Emerging Infectious Disease (IATF-EID). The instrument was used to determine the perceptions on and compliance with COVID-19 infection prevention and control protocols among residents in Quezon City. The following statistical tests were used to answer the specific problems and tested the hypothesis of this study: (a) Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), (b) Frequency Count, (c) Mean, (d) Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (Pearson’s r), (e) Percentage, (f) Standard Deviation, and (g) T-test for independent means.

Findings The following findings were drawn from the study: 1. From a total of 450 respondents, their profile in terms of age revealed that 73% were 20 to 39 years old, 20% were 40 to 65 years old and 7% were below 20 years old. These findings showed that most of the respondents were 20 to 39 years old. In terms of sex, majority of the respondents were female, with 268 respondents, while the males were composed of 182 respondents. In terms of civil status, 18% were either married or separated; and 82% were single. In terms of highest educational attainment, 51% were college graduates, 33% were high school graduates, 12% were post graduates, and 4% were elementary graduates and finished technical vocational courses. In terms of source of information, 296 respondents have answered social media as their medium of information, 96 respondents have chosen internet websites, and 58 respondents either use television, posters, newspapers, or radio. These findings show that most of the respondents were 20 to 39 years old, female, single, college graduates, and use social media as their source of information. 2. The results for perception of the respondents who follow COVID-19 infection prevention and control protocols garnered an overall mean score of 3.77 and standard deviation of 0.251, with a verbal interpretation of high positive perception (HPP) towards COVID-19 infection prevention and control protocols. The three statements that garnered the highest mean score were: a) “It is my responsibility to protect myself and others by following the protocols regularly”, with a mean score of 3.95; b) “Verifying the source of information is important to check for the accuracy and reliability of COVID-19 data to keep us safe”, with a mean score of 3.94; and c) “Using of alcohol is important to sanitize hands and objects”, with a mean score of 3.92. However, the three statements that got the lowest mean scores were: a) “Disposable face masks such as N95 and surgical should be thrown out after a single use while cloth masks should be washed after every use”, with a mean of 3.63; b) “Any object can be contaminated with COVID-19", with a mean score of 3.60; and c) “Cloth masks are equally effective on preventing the spread and being infected by COVID19", with a mean score of 2.58. 3. The compliance of respondents on COVID-19 protocols resulted to an overall mean score of 3.65 and standard deviation of 0.298 which revealed that respondents were compliant to a very high extent (CHVE) on COVID-19 infection prevention and control protocols. The three statements that got the highest mean score were: a) “The protocol on proper wearing of face mask and shield in public to avoid being easily contaminated”, with a mean score of 3.93; b) “Making sure that my face mask covers my nose and mouth; and face shield covers my eyes”, with a mean score of 3.91; and c) “Wearing of face mask, proper hand washing, physical distancing and knowing the correct information on COVID-19", with a mean score of 3.90. However, the three statements that received the lowest mean scores were: a) “Never taking out my face mask or put it under my chin”, with a mean score of 3.54; b) “Not reusing disposable face masks or washing the cloth mask with soap and water after every use”, with a mean score of 3.51; and c) “The use of cloth masks to prevent exposure and spreading of coronavirus”, with a mean score of 2.28. 4. In terms of significant differences in the perception of the respondents in the COVID-19 infection prevention and control protocols, there were no significant differences when the respondents were grouped according to age, based on the computed F-ratio of 1.383 with a P-value of 0.252 greater than the 0.05 level of significance using 2 and 447 degrees of freedom. Therefore, the null hypothesis was accepted. Civil status does not have significance in the perception of respondents with COVID-19 infection prevention and prevention protocols. Result shows the computed t-ratio of 0.072, p-value of 0.943 that is higher than the 0.05 level of significance with 448 degrees of freedom. Therefore, the null hypothesis was accepted. Highest educational attainment does not have significance in the perceptions of respondents with COVID-19 infection prevention and control protocols. The computed F-ratio of 2.286, p-value of 0.078 with a level of significance of 0.05 using 3 and 446 degrees of freedom shows that educational attainment was not a factor in the respondents’ perception. Therefore, the null hypothesis was accepted. Sex has significance in the perception of respondents on COVID-19 infection and prevention protocols. The 3.80 mean score of the females is significantly higher than the 3.71 mean score of the males with computed t-ratio of 3.781, p-value of < 0.001, using 448 degrees of freedom and 0.05 level of significance. The findings show that there was a significant difference on the perception of the respondents on the COVID-19 infection prevention and control protocols when they were grouped according to sex. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected. Source of information has significance in the perception of respondents on COVID-19 infection prevention and control protocols. From the computed Fratio of 3.446, p-value of 0.033 and total mean score of 3.77 using 32 and 447 degrees of freedom, it was revealed that there is a significant difference between social media and internet websites in the perceptions of the respondents. However, there were no significant difference between television, posters, newspapers, and radio. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected. 5. In terms of significant differences in the compliance of the respondents with the COVID-19 infection prevention and control protocols, there were no significant differences in compliance when respondents are grouped according to age. The statistical result reveals the computed F-ratio at 1.346, p-value of 0.259 is not significantly different at 0.05 level of significance using 3 and 446 degrees of freedom. These findings show that there is no significance on the compliance with COVID-19 infection prevention and control protocols when grouped according to educational attainment. Therefore, the null hypothesis was accepted. Results show a computed F-ratio of 0.7315, p-value of 0.4817, computed at 2 and 447 degrees of freedom and with a 0.05 level of significance, source of information is not significant when it comes to the respondents’ compliance with COVID-19 infection prevention and control protocols. Therefore, the null hypothesis was accepted. There was a significant difference in compliance when respondents are grouped according to age. Results show a computed F-ratio of 6.731, the pvalue of 0.001 that is lesser than the 0.05 level of significance computed at 2 and 447 degrees of freedom. The findings reveal a significant difference exists between (a) below 20 years old and 20 to 39 years old, and (b) below 20 years old and 40 to 65 years old. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected. There was a significant difference in compliance among respondents when grouped according to sex. The data shows that a computed t-ratio of 2.994, a p-value of 0.003 is lesser than 0.05 level of significance computed at 448 degrees of freedom. Females have a significantly higher compliance compared to male. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected. There was a significant difference in compliance among respondents when grouped according to civil status. The results show a computed t-ratio of 3.330, P-value of 0.001 lesser than the level of significance at 0.05 computed at 448 degrees of freedom. The mean score of married/separated respondents is significantly higher than the mean score of single respondents. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected. 6. In terms of significant relationship between the perception and compliance of the respondents, results show that there is a moderate positive relationship between perception and compliance. Perception resulted to a mean score of 3.77 with a standard deviation at 0.251, while compliance resulted to a mean score of 3.65 and standard deviation at 0.298. The computed R-value of 0.371 and p-value of < 0.001 is lesser than 0.05 level of significance. A Pearson’s r of 0.0371 implies that 14% of a respondent’s compliance was attributed to the perception towards COVID-19 protocols. The null hypothesis was rejected.

Conclusion Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn: 1. Majority of the respondents were between the age of 20 to 39 years old, females, single, college graduates, and were using social media as their source of information. 2. The respondents have high positive perception on the COVID-19 infection prevention and control protocols. 3. The respondents were compliant to a very high extent on the COVID-19 infection prevention and control protocols. 4. There was no significant difference on the respondents’ perception on the COVID-19 infection prevention and control protocols when the respondents were grouped into age, civil status, and highest educational attainment. However, there were significant differences when they were grouped into sex and source of information. 5. There was no significant difference on the compliance with the COVID-19 infection prevention and control protocols when the respondents were grouped into highest educational attainment and source of information. However, there are significant differences when they were grouped into age, sex, and civil status. 6. There was a moderate relationship on the perception and compliance with the COVID-19 infection prevention and control protocols of the respondents.

First Advisor

Mercedita A. Quiambao, RN, MAN

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